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IMMUNIZATION BRANCHā€‹

Measles

  • The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is effective. Two doses provide 97% protection against measles.ā€Æ 
  • Measles is very contagious. Measles spreads when someone infected speaks, coughs, sneezes or breathes. It can linger in the air up to 2 hours after the infected person has left.ā€Æā€Æ 
  • Unvaccinated people are at high risk. Roughly 90% of those unvaccinated and exposed to measles will contract the disease.ā€Æā€‹


    Measles Activity in California 202ā€‹5

    As of March 25, 2025, eight confirmed measles cases have been reported. The affected jurisdictions are:

    • Fresno
    • Los Angeles
    • Orange
    • Placer
    • San Mateoā€‹
    • Tuolumne ā€‹

    Month of Rash Onset
    ā€‹Number of Cases
    ā€‹January 2025ā€‹
    ā€‹0
    ā€‹ā€‹February 2025
    ā€‹3
    March 2025ā€‹
    ā€‹5ā€‹


    These data are provisional and subject to change.
    ā€Æ CDPH will update this page every Tuesday.

    What is Measles?

    Measles is a contagious viral disease. It's widespread in many parts of the world, including Europe, Africa and Asia. While measles is eradicated in the U.S., cases around the country and world remind us how important vaccines are. 

    The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine provides the best protection against disease and serious illness. Most measles cases in the U.S. result from international travel. It's important that you and your family are up to date on all vaccines before traveling abroad.

    Measles begins with a fever that lasts a couple of days. It's followed by:

    • ā€‹A cough
    • Runny nose
    • Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
    • Rash

    The rash usually appears on the face, along the hairline and behind the ears. Then it affects the rest of the body. Those infected can spread measles about four days before their rash starts to four days afterwards. ā€‹ā€‹

    How Do I Protect Myself?

    MMR vaccines are our best defense against the disease and its complications.

    CDC recommends two doses of MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine for:

    • Children: one dose at 12 months of age and another at 4-6 years. 
    • Older children, adolescents and adults without documented doses of MMR vaccine.

    Unsure if you're vaccinated against measles? Check your CA Digital Vaccine Record (DVR) or ask your healthcare provider. If no records exist, get vaccinated.ā€‹

    What's Recommended for International Travel? 

    Whether you're visiting family or exploring the world, plan to receive the MMR vaccine. It takes your body 2-3 weeks to get the most protection against measles after vaccination.

    Before international travel:

    • Babies 6-11 months of age should receive one dose of MMR vaccine. 
    • Ensure everyone 12 months and older are up to date with 2 doses of MMR vaccine. If they're not up to date, they should get two doses at least 28 days apart. 

    Why is Vaccination Important?

    Measles can be very serious, especially in unvaccinated young children and pregnant people. Measles can cause:

    • Pneumonia
    • Encephalitis (brain swelling)
    • Hospitalization
    • Sometimes death ā€‹

    Measles Outbreaks in California

    Usually, high levels of immunity in the general population limit measles outbreaks. However, measles does spread in communities with lower coverage. 

    • In 2024, 15 cases were confirmed.
    • ā€‹In 2023, four measles cases were confirmed.
    • In 2019, there were 73 confirmed measles cases in California. This includes 41 cases linked to six outbreaks; defined as three or more cases. Of the six outbreaks, five were linked to patients with international travel. One had an unknown source. The largest outbreak had 21 cases and and occurred in a health care setting. The other five outbreaks involved from three to five cases.
    • From December 2014ā€“April 2015, roughly 131 Californians got infected from an outbreak in Disneyland. The outbreak also infected residents of six other states, Mexico and Canada.
    • Case counts for 2018-2022 are available in the Vaccine-Preventable Disease Annual Report.
    • ā€‹Case counts for 2012ā€“2017 are available in the Vaccine-Preventable Disease Summaries.

    For information on measles cases and outbreaks nationwide, please see the CDC Measles Cases and Outbreaks.ā€‹ā€‹ā€‹ā€‹

If you are having difficulty accessing documents on this page, please call  510-620-3737 or email ImmunizationBranch@cdph.ca.gov to request this information in an alternate format.ā€‹

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